Marxism - 797 Words

Marxism 5.) Discuss the main tenets of Marxism. In what ways was this ideology an extension of the thought of the Enlightenment? In what ways did it deviate from those ideals? Socialism granted a powerful language for the working-class to express their interests. Many workers, who were enfranchised in the latter portion of the century joined political parties espousing this doctrine. Socialism existed before Karl Marx presented himself to the scene. In fact, Marx drew from the theories of the foremost prophets of socialism: Henri de Saint-Simon and Charles Fourier in France, and Robert Owen in Great Britain. However, he gave these theories his own style, and in the end his form became the dominant idea of socialism. Karl Marx,†¦show more content†¦The style it was written in is obscure, difficult to penetrate. But throughout there are certain basic concepts that shine, which were understood and embraced by Marxs followers. As Hegel believed that the goal of human history was the realization of the world spirit; Marx embraced the theory and believed it was the abolition of capitalism, the victory of the proletariat, the disappearance of the state, and the ultimate liberation of all humankind. Marx insisted that material conditions determined the governance of the world. Following Hegel, who said that truth evolves by a dialectic method, Marx called his own philosophy dialectic materialism. He posited a world of change but stated that it was embedded in material conditions, not in a clash of ideas. To Marx, ideas were merely a reflection of the material world. Based on their relationship to factories and machines (the means of production), Marx grouped human beings into classes. Capitalists were one class, because they owned the means of production. Workers were a separate class, the proletariat, because they did not own any of the means of production and their income came only from their own hands. Because these two classes had differing relationships to the means of production, they had antagonistic interests and were destined to engage in class struggle, according to Marx. Unlike his contemporaries, who lamented the increa sing hostility between workersShow MoreRelatedMarxism : Marxism And Marxism1901 Words   |  8 PagesMarxism Final Essay – Marx vs. Marxism Nearly a century and a half has passed since Karl Marx’s death, but his work lives on in stride. Several contemporary 20th and 21st century Marxist scholars have adopted his eerily relevant critiques of capitalism into their own work, but in doing so, have revived unheeded interpretations of Marx’s theory and have uniquely diverged from his original texts in ways that reflect their individual historical, theoretical and political motives. This has resultedRead MoreMarxism : The Theory Of Marxism2245 Words   |  9 PagesKeith Nunez May 5, 2014 ENG 390 Final Marxism The theory of Marxism was founded on the ideas created by Karl Marx, he stated that materialism has become part of our nature and that it has created grounds on how we live in our reality. Marxist criticism argues that literature shows a reflection on reality, specifically how the power of social institutions have affected not only the economic world but the mind and ideals of society. Through literature we can see the mental difference in charactersRead MoreMarxism730 Words   |  3 PagesIshan Soni Mr. Marr English 12 May 25, 2015 Marxism are set of views acknowledged by many individuals and a lot of views presented in works of other authors are often compared to the ideas that of Karl Marx. Here, the idea presented by George Bernard Shaw in his play is compared to Marx’s ideas on Marxism and social hierarchy relationship. There exists a relationship between the viewpoints of Karl Marx and George Bernard Shaw in the play PygmalionRead MoreMarxism : Marxism, Feminism And Functionalism2039 Words   |  9 Pagespaid for work there is also work that is unpaid this includes housework, being a stay at home mum or volunteer work. In relation to work we can look at three theories :- Marxism, Feminism and Functionalism. Each considered the analysis of modern day work to be extremely important when looking at sociology and socialism. Marxism derived from the sociologist Karl Marx’s theories about sociology, politics and economics. Marx looked at the capitalist society that was around him at the time and sawRead MoreMarxism And Communism753 Words   |  4 PagesMarch 1883), who is also known as the father of communism. The main theory of communism, created by Karl Marx, is the theory that was and is utilized by many countries. This theory is called Marxism. Marxism is based on the idea that in capitalism, there is a working class being exploited by the rich. Due to Marxism, the political landscape of the modern world has been significantly altered, resulting in nations who call themselves communists and western countries whose politics still contain remnantsRead MoreThe Bolsheviks and Marxism1354 Words   |  5 PagesAnalyzing the Bolshevik State compared to Marxism can be difficult because Marx, Engels and their followers gave relatively little thought to what the state would look like after a socialist revolution. Engels famously wrote, â€Å"the state is not ‘abolished,’ it withers away,† which highlights the hazy and unfixed nature of Marx and Engle’s writings on the ultimate, classless society they envisioned. Further, what they did write is subject to the differing interpretations by numerous socialist partiesRead More marxism Essay3150 Words   |  13 PagesAll of these theorists are coming from a Marxist perspective, using ideas and terms developed in Marxist theory, though only Althusser actually claims to be a Marxist. So to start off, I want to talk a bit about some basic ideas of Marxist theory. Marxism is a set of theories, or a system of thought and analysis, developed by Karl Marx in the nineteenth century in response to the Western industrial revolution and the rise of industrial capitalism as the predominant economic mode. Like feminist theoryRead MoreThe Beginnings Of Marxism?986 Words   |  4 PagesThe Beginnings of Marxism? Written in 1847 by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the Communist Manifesto laid out ideas that would change the course of world history. It fully defined the â€Å"Marxist† ideology in which Communism was the goal of humanity. Thirty years after Marx’s death, the people of Russia over threw their leaders and founded a Communist government based on Marxist ideologies. This government was initially lead by Vladimir Lenin who took direct inspiration from Marx. After Lenin diedRead MoreJurisprudence: Marxism3961 Words   |  16 Pagesscientific socialist thinker. His socialism was based upon an understanding of the ‘real’ material economic facts. The socialist thinkers who preceded Marx have been designated as ‘Utopians’. There were a number of socialist thinkers before Marx. Although Marxism cannot be reduced to a mere compilation or synthesis of Utopian ideas, there is little doubt that they played an important part in the formation of Marxâ₠¬â„¢s system. There were important differences between the scientific socialism of Marx and that ofRead MoreA Marxism Economy527 Words   |  2 PagesMarxism is a system of economy, social, and political philosophy based on ideas that view social change in terms of economic factors. Marx gave us a theory of society, for example an explanation of how our society works, of how and why history has unfolded, and particularly the account of the nature of capitalism. But Marx also regarded capitalism as extremely unsatisfactory and he was very concerned with getting rid of it by having a violent revolution and the establishment of a communist society

Organized Crime and Youth Gangs - 824 Words

Organized Crime and Youth Gangs The FBI defines organized crime as any group of individuals jointly and systematically engaged in criminal activity for the purpose of making money (FBI, n.d.a). The FBI also provides links to various organized criminal groups on their website, with most being defined by race or ethnicity. The most famous of these groups in the United States is the Italian Mafia or La Cosa Nostra, which is translated as this thing of ours (FBI, n.d.b). The FBI identifies four distinct Italian mafia groups, the La Cosa Nostra (Sicilian Mafia), Camorra (Neapolitan Mafia), Calabrian (Calabria Mafia), and the Sacra Corona Unita (United Sacred Crown based in the Puglia region) (FBI, n.d.b). Of these, the American La Cosa Nostra has been the most successful organized crime group in the U.S. and over the decades has severed controlling ties with Sicily. The American La Cosa Nostra is involved primarily in drug trafficking, money laundering, and various other racketeering crimes, and operates on an international level across North and South America. The Italian Mafia was formed and molded into its current form over the past 3,000 years in response to recurrent invasions by marauding armies (FBI, n.d.b). The formation of these tight knit extended family groups helped ensure their survival and established social rules that endured through the millennia. Today, there are approximately 25,000 members worldwide, with 3,000 living in the U.S. In contrast to theShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of Gang Research1637 Words   |  7 Pagesterm â€Å"gang† was associated with groups in socially disorganized and deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods: It was applied to juveniles who engaged in a variety of delinquencies, ranging from truancy, street brawls, and beer running to race riots, robberies, and other serious crimes (Regoli, Hewitt, DeLisi, 2011). There were several gangs within the United States, which included street gangs, prison gangs, motorcycle gangs, and organized crime gangs that still exist today. The word â€Å"gang† is derivedRead MoreLocal Crime Prevention Program1108 Words   |  4 PagesLocal Crime Prevention The name of the crime prevention program The name of the program is Open Door Youth Gang Alternatives. It is head quartered in Golden, Colorado. Their primary focus is to prevent at risk youth from joining gangs and educate the public about warnings signs for recruitment activity. (Our Programs, 2012) (Worrall, 2008) A description of the components of the program (i.e., the length of time to complete the program, who are the participants, who teaches the program, andRead MoreGang Violence And The United States1470 Words   |  6 PagesGangs have been a part of American culture in the United States since the early 19th century when immigrant youth organized themselves into street gangs as a means of urban and economic survival. Today, gang violence has reached an almost catastrophic level in the United States. Criminal street gangs have become one of the most serious crime problems in California. Gang violence accounts for one of the largest personal threats to public safety for nearly all the cities in this state. Salinas, CaliforniaRead MoreCommunity Crime Prevention Programs 1626 Words   |  7 PagesCommunity crime prevention programs play a vital role across the world in regards to the â€Å"community† style of police service. These types of programs heavily involve participating mem bers of the community along with the police to achieve community and police oriented goals to improve the quality of life for all members of the community. The Bureau of Justice Assistance states community crime prevention programs are based several factors such as program focus, program rationale, community race,Read MoreThe American Of American History Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the course of American history, the usage of gangs has always been embedded in the striving desire to be rebel, such as defeating the overhanging stature of the British empire. However as the 13 colonies formed a colonial gang in an effort to eliminate British influence in America, the definition of the word gang has transformed into an entirely different meaning. One common definition of a gang is a group of three or more individuals who engage in criminal activity and identify themselvesRead MoreEssay about Gangs692 Words   |  3 Pagesclosest that I have ever come to gangs or gangs violence is in television of movies, this topic intrigued me. What makes a person want to become part of something that is so violent and dangerous? Why woul d someone risk everything to put their lives on the line for people that are not even their blood relatives? As I read the material that I found in the library about gangs, I found out a lot about how this childrens though process works. They believe that the gang members are their family; to themRead MoreThe Crime Rate On Los Angeles1590 Words   |  7 PagesIn David Knowles article on the crime rate on Los Angeles, â€Å"Crime rate in Los Angeles Falls for 10th straight year, making it the safest big city in America† highlights the statistics and improvements that Los Angeles has made to secure the gang nature and keep the city safe. He states, â€Å"Overall, violent crime fell by 8.3 percent, with the number of murders remaining low. Just 20 years ago there were 1,092 murders in Los Angeles. In 2012, the city recorded just 298† (Par 5). The statistics do showRead MoreThe Role of Law Enforcement in Curbing Gang Violence1041 Words   |  4 Pagesprevent gang activit y. Gang activity is certainly not a new phenomenon, but has been part of human history since Ancient Times (Rome, Greece, the Middle Ages, etc.). In most countries, gang violence patterns the sociological development of society and the evolution of criminal activity - as criminal activity becomes more sophisticated, so do gang activities. While most sociological theories tie gang behavior to youth violence, one can trace a number of changes in gang violence to the way organized crimeRead MoreLife Of A Gang : Youth853 Words   |  4 PagesLife in a Gang Youth are exposed to gang life at an early age, sometimes as early as 10 or 11 years old. Observing older and respected gang members can often lead to impressions among youth that lead them to believe gang life is the way to gain access to things such as status, money and prestige. Research states that older more established gang members will utilize youth to their advantage by having them steal for the gang, buy and sell drugs, carry weapons and commit other crimes in hopes to evadeRead MoreThere Is No One Common Definition For Organized Crime,1214 Words   |  5 PagesThere is no one common definition for organized crime, after extensive research criminologists seem to describe organized crime as, a criminal conspiracy of several persons motivated for economic enrichment. On the other hand, the FBI defines organized crime as, any group having some formalized structure and whose primary objective is to obtain through illegal activities.† Organized crime branches out into v arious criminal activities, such as cybercrime, money laundering, counterfeiting, illicit

Managerial Economics and Business Strategy Free Essays

string(74) " unlikely to accept its narrow definition of the relevant market ____ 33\." Dr. David J. St. We will write a custom essay sample on Managerial Economics and Business Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Clair Managerial Economics and Business Strategy 3551 #6 Answers – Summer 2012 1. What type of evidence did Dupont introduce in its plastic wrap trial that proved decisive in its acquittal? __ It brought in cross elasticities to show that there were many substitutes for plastic wrap. It then argued that the market had to be defined to include all substitutes. This broadened the definition of the market to the point where DuPont’s market share was small. ___ 2. What had Alcoa done that made the judge find it guilty of being a monopoly? It had a market share above 90%_. Did the judge rule that Alcoa was a â€Å"dirty† firm? _ No ___ 3. Why did the verdict in the U. S. Steel antitrust case confuse everyone? __ U. S. Steel was ruled to be â€Å"reasonable† under the courts â€Å"Rule of Reason† doctrine. This was confusing because the company had a notorious reputation for price fixing and uncompetitive practices __ 4. Bill Gates took a very aggressive approach to dealing with the Justice Department in the Microsoft case even though Microsoft had an â€Å"Alcoa Problem. † What was Microsoft’s â€Å"Alcoa Problem? ___ Microsoft had a large market share approaching the 90% threshold established in the Alcoa case ___ 5. When something is illegal â€Å"per se,† what does this mean? __ The government only has to prove that you did it; motive or intent does not matter ___ 6. What was the remedy in the Standard oil and American Tobacco cases? __ divestiture (i. e. , the companies were broken up) ____ 7. What, according to Andrew Carnegie, was destructive competition? ___ excessive and ruthless competition among big firms that eliminated profits but not competitors __ 8. When we were discussing oligopoly, we referred to the two faces of oligopoly. Which face of oligopoly was Carnegie referring to in his discussion of ‘destructive competition? ’ the non-cooperative, extremely competitive rivalry _ 9. What does the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act require? ___ pre-merger notification and approval by the Justice Department and the FTC ____ 10. What is a tying contract (or agreement)? __ a firm refuses to seel product that you want unless you also buy one of the firm’s other products ___ 11. The Sherman Act was short and sweet. It outlawed two things. Identify both: a. ___being a monopoly ______________________ b. ___trying to become a monopoly __________________________ 2. Which antitrust act made vertical market foreclosure a violation of antitrust laws? __ the Celler-Kefauver Act __ 13. What was the reason why the European Union blocked the merger of GE and Honeywell? __ It violated the EU’s â€Å"portfolio power† doctrine __ 14. What is a â€Å"soft loan? † ___a government loan that is never going to be paid back; a disguised subsidy __. Why have many American economists likened â€Å"portfolio power† to a soft loan? ___They argue that portfolio power is a disguised protectionist policy masquerading as an antitrust policy___ 15. What was IBM’s defense in its mainframe computer antitrust case? _ It challenged the government’s narrow â€Å"large main-frame computer† definition of the relevant market ___ 16. What was DuPont convicted of in the GM case (be specific). ______ vertical market foreclosure ____ 17. What precedent did the Pabst Brewing case set? __if the market is a local, then the relevant market must be local ____ 18. What precedent did the Staples/Office Depot case set? ___the Justice Department or the FTC can disallow a merger based on the anticipated price and competitive consequences ________________ 19. What happened to U. S. antitrust policy following the E. C. Knight case? __ as a consequence of the E. C. Knight case, antitrust laws did not apply to manufacturing and there was a wave of mergers in the manufacturing sector __ 20. In the 1890s, German courts were taking a very different approach to cartels and antitrust. What did the German court rule in the pulp cartel case? __ cartel agreements were legally enforceable contracts; cartels were legal and socially beneficial ___ 21. What was Brown Shoe accused of in the Kinney Shoe antitrust case? ____ vertical market foreclosure _____ 22. What was the remedy in the Brown Shoe/Kinney Shoe Case? ____ The merger was disallowed and the two firms were separated _______ 3. What does the firm have to do in a consent decree? _ stop the offending practices without admitting guilty _. What does the Justice Department agree to do in return? ___ drops the case _ 24. Why do most firms prefer a consent decree to a trial, even when they feel that they are innocent? __ the case is quickly resolved and there is no conviction that can be used to expos e the firm to civil suits seeking triple damages __ 25. Are interlocking directorates illegal per se? Yes. Is price fixing illegal per se? Yes 26. Are tying contracts illegal per se? Yes Is price discrimination illegal per se? _ No 7. How can the Justice Department and the FCC respond to a notification of merger filed under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act? (Hint: they have three options. ) __1) approve; 2) deny; or 3) approve with conditions __ 28. English Common law became the basis for American Common Law. What dos the Common Law say about damages for parties injured by restraint of trade? ___ injured parties are can collect triple damages ____ 29. Which type of elasticity is often important in antitrust cases? _ cross elasticity __ 30. Why did the Justice Department allege that Microsoft was using a tying agreement or contract? ___The Justice Department alleged that Microsoft was tying the MS-DOS operating system to the purchase of its browser ___ 31. Bill Gates was rather arrogant and combative in dealing with the Justice Department in the Microsoft case. He seemed unaware of Microsoft’s â€Å"Alcoa problem. † What was Microsoft’s â€Å"Alcoa problem? † _________This is a duplicate question – see above____________ 32. How did IBM’s mainframe computer antitrust suit end? ___ the Justice Department dropped the case because the court was unlikely to accept its narrow definition of the relevant market ____ 33. You read "Managerial Economics and Business Strategy" in category "Essay examples" Why was Microsoft accused of â€Å"vertical market foreclosure? † ___ Microsoft was accused of using its operation system monopoly (MS-DOS) to foreclose browser maker from the market ___ 34. Why was Nabisco giving up on its strategy of seeking to create a cracker of biscuit monopoly? __It was unable to eliminate competition, especially the competition of capitals __ 35. Why was Nabisco so open in its 1901 annual report about discussing its efforts to monopolize the cracker (biscuit) industry? __Because of the E. C. Knight Case, there were no antitrust laws in 1901 that pertained to manufacturing firms _ 6. In its 1901 annual report, Nabisco announced that it was giving up on its efforts at creating a cracker or biscuit monopoly. What was the company’s new strategy going to be? ____Nabisco was going to concentrate on making better products and creating a more efficient and competitive firm ___ 37. What did Liggett accuse Brown Williamson Tobacco of doing in its law suit ? (don’t simply say â€Å"of being a monopoly† or â€Å"violating antitrust laws†) ___Liggett accused Brown Williamson of engaging in predatory pricing by selling it cigatettes at below Brown Williams’ AVC______ 8. Under the Areeda-Turner test, predatory pricing is defined as a firm selling its product at a price ____below its average variable cost_____ 39. Was the Areeda-Turner test upheld (validated or confirmed) by the court in the Liggett vs. Brown Williamson’s case? ___No, the Areeda-Turner test was replaced by the â€Å"recoupment test† ___ 40. What must a plaintiff (the one who files the law suit) do (show) in order to keep a predatory pricing law suit from being dismissed (thrown out even before it goes to trial) under the â€Å"recoupment test? ____The plaintiff must show that the defendant did have a reasonable chance of raising prices in the future to make up for, (that is, to recoup) its short term losses due to the low price s ___ 41. Does the recoupment test introduced in the Liggett vs. Brown Williamson case make predatory pricing law suits more likely, less likely, or equally likely compared to the old Areeda-Turner test? ____less likely _____ 42. The courts have held that predatory pricing cases require a showing that a firm has reduced price below its costs. What is the relevant cost for this criterion? ________average Variable cost (AVC) _________ 3. Many economists have used the concept of â€Å"barriers to entry† in their criticism of predatory pricing antitrust laws. Explain their criticism. __Predatory pricing only makes sense if the firm can raise prices after using it to attain a monopoly and if it has barriers to entry that can keep new competitors out. However, if it had such barriers in the first place, it would probably not need predatory pricing. Predatory pricing does not give the firm the required barriers to entry, unless one envisions constant predatory pricing. But constant predatory pricing is nothing more than price competition. ___ 44. During the 1930s, large American cigarette companies faced competition from small cigarette companies offering new brands at 10 cents per pack. How did they meet and deal with this competition? __They resorted to predatory pricing, i. e. , they dramatically reduced their prices (in some case to below costs) in order to drive the new competitors out of the market ___ 45. Did the response of the â€Å"Big Four† tobacco companies to the challenge from the new 10-cent brands competitors in the early 1930s work? Why or why not? _the Four Majors were unable to drive out two competitors created by the 10-cent brand episode. They had a 91 percent market share before the episode and only a 69 percent market share after. Two formidable competitors emerged and the Big Four became the Big Six__ 46. What was the verdict in the 10-cent brands cigarette case? _____the major cigarette companies were found guilty of violating the antitrust laws______ 47. Was predatory pricing the government’s primary allegation against the majors in the 10-cent brands cigarette price wars? If not, what was the primary complaint? _the court focused primarily on the collusion among the majors to fix prices__ 48. What was the court’s remedy in the 10-cent brands cigarette case? ___the court fined the guilty parties and restricted their ability to communicate and work together ____ 49. Why do most economists argue that antitrust laws prohibiting predatory pricing are actually anti-competitive? ____ Most economists argue that antitrust laws prohibiting predatory pricing are actually anti-competitive because any firm that lowers it’s prices to compete against it’s market competitors are susceptible to being charged with predatory pricing, even when no such intent probably exists. Furthermore, filing an antitrust lawsuit related to predatory pricing is often abused and a convenient way for businesses to compete with their competitors without matching their competitors price cutting especially since antitrust laws concerning predatory pricing are sometimes difficult to distinguish from predatory pricing, market competition, and competitive business practices. __ 50. Suppose there are five (5) firms in an industry with the following market shares: 15%, 20%, 2%. 45%, and 18%. What is the Herfindahl Index for this industry? _______2,978_______. According to the 1992 Horizontal Merger Guidelines, how would this industry be classified? ___It would be classified as a ‘highly concentrated’ market. _____ 51. Ceteris paribus, would a merger that raised the Herfindahl index from 1900 to 1941 be likely to trigger interest by antitrust regulators? Why or why not? ____No, because while this market would be classified as ‘highly concentrated,’ the m erger does not raise the HHI by more than 50 points and will therefore not trigger the interest of regulators. ___ 52. Ceteris paribus, would a merger that raised the Herfindahl index from 750 to 985 be likely to trigger interest by antitrust regulators? Why or why not? ___No, because a market with a Herfindahl Index below 1,000 is considered to be ‘unconcentrated’ and mergers in unconcentrated markets are unlikely to be challenged by regulators. _____ 53. Tying contracts are illegal per se under American antitrust laws. However, enforcing their illegal per se status has proven to be very difficult. What is the problem here? ___While tying contracts are illegal per se under antitrust law, there seems to be no way of getting around some tying during the course of routine business, e. g. , left shoes tied to right shoes, etc. This therefore introduces the element of intent and competitive consequences; two features that are not supposed to figure into illegal per se allegations. Currently, this problem is most pronounced in the practice of ‘bundling’ in high tech markets. ____ 54. In the YouTube video on Monopoly, what did Milton Friedman think was the primary cause of longer-lasting monopolies? ____government market restrictions ___________ 55. In the YouTube video on Monopoly, what did Milton Friedman think was the very best policy for dealing with monopolies and market power? ____free trade or measures to make trade more free and open _______ 56. In the YouTube video on Monopoly, Milton Friedman never mentioned or discussed Smith’s Formula. However, based on his comments, what do think his position would have been on our 200-year old question? __Friedman would definitely argue that markets had, if government leaves them alone, sufficient competition to make Smith’s Formula society’s primary line of defense against monopoly abuse. __ 57. What happened when Coca-Cola tried to introduce its new soft drink Peppo in the late 1960s? ____Dr Pepper sued for trademark infringement and Coka Cola had to change the name of the product to ‘Mr Pibb’. _____ 58. How did the FTC end up defining the relevant market in Coca Cola’s proposed acquisition of Dr Pepper? _The FTC took a very narrow view and defined the relevant market as the ‘pepper-flavored soft drink market’ __. How did the FTC rule on the proposed acquisition? __The FTC denied the request for merger approval. __ 59. Both the FTC and Coca Cola introduced Herfindahl Indexes in support of their positions in the proposed acquisition of Dr Pepper. What was the critical point on which the proposed merger was decided? ____The definition or scope of the relevant market ____ How to cite Managerial Economics and Business Strategy, Essay examples

The Human Story free essay sample

Michael (Gates) Sweeney 5th hour Sophomore Academy English 2 The Human Story by James C. Davis Harper Perennial, 2004 Non-fiction In The Human Story, James C. Davis explains how humankind came to be. How we developed civilizations, cities, empires, religions, and many other pieces of our everyday lives. He wrote about how our society has developed from going to war when you were 1 5 years old, and dying for your side. Although the book skips around, he covers topics from homo erectus to George W. Bush. In the first few pages Davis discusses scientific terms such as Homo erectus and Homo sapiens, the first of the human species. Homo erectus went extinct 300,000 years ago, then Homo sapiens, the first humans, developed and were called Wise Men. The reason for this name was because of larger brains and higher skulls. Although they obtained larger brains, language development was not likely. Davis says that anthropologists . change their minds every time they find agents skull. We will write a custom essay sample on The Human Story or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This must be why I have never heard a solid answer concerning this subject. Davis also says that Homo sapiens had the gift of fire. They had clever hands, he says. They can they could light a fire by striking sparks and lumps of iron ore. Im sure that the gift of fire helped them to later on to cook their food. This must have saved many lives from diseases from raw meat and uncooked foods. In summary Davis discusses the early resources that Homo sapiens had in their daily lives such as fire, tools, communication, etc. Later on in Chapter 6, Davis advances to the worlds empires. Davis writes about Rome, Persia, and the Mongol Empire, all located in the European and Asian countries we know today. Persia, located in what we know today as India, was ruled by Cyrus II. Cyrus claimed that he was the king of the world. In 264 BC Rome went to war against the Carthaginians. The Carthaginians were very skilled in the naval field. But Rome adjusted and beat them. I would like to know what grappling irons are. David said that they were used by the Romans to latch onto the Carthaginians ships. Eventually Rome fell apart. The only sign of it today is their technology and the city, Rome, Italy. In chapter 10 Davis writes about the American Indian empires. The main two empires consisted of the Mayans and the Aztecs. The Mayan empire first began in villages, but then their population climbed and climbed and the villages became cities. Each of which were built around squares with palaces and temples. The Mayans were known to be the most accomplished peoples of the ancient world. For the text they began their empire illegally. They would settle on private land near lakes rivers fertile land until the rightful owners drove them out. They continued their method of trespassing until they finally came across two vacant islands on Lake Texcoco. So now, surrounded by water, the Aztecs settled in a secure location with food, water, and fertile land for growing crops. They used long bridges to reach the mainland where they would hunt and establish small shacks for security. Although the Mayans were known to be more powerful, I believe the Aztecs had Just the same the awful years of the world wars. Most people believe that the war would also be the last. They called it the war to end war. Unfortunately though, the second world war appeared in the 1930s, when the United States and its allies finally shut down Hitler and all of Germanys cruelty. Japan had developed an ally which helped him with supplies and many necessities for war. This ally was China. China today is a communist country, only allowing certain imports and exports. The United States has grown to hate China because of their terrible products that they produce, but our government hates them for their communism. Japan make the first right of World War II at Pearl Harbor. They pulled the trigger for one of the biggest wars of all time. Meanwhile Hitler wanted Austria very badly. David says the main reason was because he was born there, and he believed Germany deserved it. One thing I noticed was Davis didnt really get into Hitlers cruelty towards other religions or races, and I wonder why. All in all, The Human Story was an insightful book to read. Although I knew many of the events and eras, it was a helpful refresher for me and should help me out throughout this year.