The Samurais Garden essays

The Samurai's Garden essays "Japan, is like a young woman who thinks too much of herself. She's bound to get herself in trouble"(17). Undying love, devotion and passion are some of the themes you can discover in Gail Tsukiyama's novel, The Samurai's Garden. The coming together of two distinctively different cultures and how the differences caused a great deal of turmoil. This novel contains all sorts of themes but a very common one would definitely be loneliness. All the characters share some type of loneliness in their Throughout the novel Stephen, a young man who is sent away from his family in China due to his disease, Tuberculosis, to live with his grandparents in Japan and be cared for by the servant of the house, Matsu. Stephen says, "I hated to leave my family and friends, even though I hadn't been allowed to see them. I felt lonelier than ever"(4). A few sentences later, he states, "In some ways I can't help thinking my time in Tarumi will be a quiet resembling death." In both quotes, he is showing that he is dreading the journey because he knows that he will be lonely. In the previous quote, Tsukiyama's reference to the word "quiet" is extremely powerful because she relates it to loneliness and death, which is not the first thing most people think of when they hear the word. When Stephen first arrives on of the first things he notices is the loneliness in the village: "This early autumn there didn't seem to be anyone else here, just me, Matsu, and a complete, white silence"(9). At first when Stephen is presented in Matsu's life, Matsu is a little put off and by only speaking to him when it was necessary which also shows that he's also the 'distant type'. As the story moves forward Matsu seems to slowly warm up to Stephen. Seemingly from Stephen's own loneliness and sufferings, that Matsu can relate to which then shows us his compassion, as well as his excitement and determination he brought to ev...

The Origin of Our Solar System

The Origin of Our Solar System One of the most-asked questions of astronomers is: how did our Sun and planets get here? Its a good question and one that researchers are answering as they explore the solar system. There has been no shortage of theories about the birth of the planets over the years. This is not surprising considering that for centuries the Earth was believed to be the center of the entire universe, not to mention our solar system. Naturally, this led to a misevaluation of our origins. Some early theories suggested that the planets were spat out of the Sun and solidified. Others, less scientific, suggested that some deity simply created the solar system out of nothing in just a few days.  The truth, however, is far more exciting and is still a story being filled out with observational data.   As our understanding of our place in the galaxy has grown, we have re-evaluated the question of our beginnings. But in order to identify the true origin of the solar system, we must first identify the conditions that such a theory would have to meet. Properties of Our Solar System Any convincing theory of the origins of our solar system should be able to adequately explain the various properties therein. The primary conditions that must be explained include: The placement of the Sun at the center of the solar system.The procession of the planets around the Sun in a counterclockwise direction (as viewed from above the north pole of Earth).The placement of the small rocky worlds (the terrestrial planets) nearest to the Sun, with the large gas giants (the Jovian planets) further out.The fact that all the planets appear to have formed around the same time as the Sun.The chemical composition of the Sun and planets.The existence of comets and asteroids. Identifying a Theory The only theory to date that meets all of the requirements stated above is known as the solar nebula theory. This suggests that the solar system arrived at its current form after collapsing from a molecular gas cloud some 4.568 billion years ago. In essence, a large molecular gas cloud, several light-years in diameter, was disturbed by a nearby event: either a supernova explosion or a passing star creating a gravitational disturbance. This event caused regions of the cloud to begin clumping together, with the center part of the nebula, being the densest, collapsing into a singular object. Containing more than 99.9% of the mass, this object began its journey to star-hood by first becoming a protostar. Specifically, it is believed that it belonged to a class of stars known as T Tauri stars. These pre-stars are characterized by surrounding gas clouds containing pre-planetary matter with most of the mass contained in the star itself. The rest of the matter out in the surrounding disk supplied the fundamental building blocks for the planets, asteroids, and comets that would eventually form. About 50 million years after the initial shock wave instigated the collapse, the core of the central star became hot enough to ignite nuclear fusion. The fusion supplied enough heat and pressure that it balanced out the mass and gravity of the outer layers. At that point, the infant star was in  hydrostatic equilibrium, and the object was officially a star, our Sun. In the region surrounding the newborn star, small, hot globs of material collided together to form larger and larger worldlets called planetesimals. Eventually, they became large enough and had enough self-gravity to assume spherical shapes.   As they grew larger and larger, these planetesimals formed planets. The inner worlds remained rocky as the strong solar wind from the new star swept much of the nebular gas out to colder regions, where it was captured by the emerging Jovian planets. Today, some remnants of those planetesimals remain, some as Trojan asteroids that orbit along the same path of a planet or moon. Eventually, this accretion of matter through collisions slowed down. The newly formed collection of planets assumed stable orbits, and some of them migrated out toward the outer solar system.   Does the Solar Nebula Theory Apply to Other Systems? Planetary scientists have spent years developing a theory that matched the observational data for our solar system. The balance of temperature and mass in the inner solar system explains the arrangement of worlds that we see. The action of planet formation also affects how planets settle into their final orbits, and how worlds are built and then modified by ongoing collisions and bombardment. However, as we observe other solar systems, we find that their structures vary wildly. The presence of large gas giants near their central star doesnt agree with the solar nebula theory. It probably means that there are some more dynamical actions scientists havent accounted for in the theory.   Some think that the structure of our solar system is the one that is unique, containing a much more rigid structure than others. Ultimately this means that perhaps the evolution of solar systems is not as strictly defined as we once believed.

Types and Characteristics of Muscles Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Types and Characteristics of Muscles - Lab Report Example The muscle tissue has the capability of relaxing and contracting hence; bringing about movement in various parts of the body. These movements include the heart beat and movements within the abdominal region. Muscle tissues also help the veins and lymph system to enable the circulation of blood in the body. This is normally achieved by the cardiac muscle tissue. The skeletal muscle tissue is involved in respiration (Marieb & Hoehn, 2008). These muscles also enhance the movement of tissues which allow an individual to make various facial expressions. In this category, there are three types of muscle tissue, which include the smooth muscle tissue, cardiac muscle tissue and the skeletal muscle tissue. There are several similarities and differences which are considered when comparing smooth and skeletal muscles. In both muscles, the reactions are mainly caused by impulses in the membrane and the augmenting of intracellular calcium ions. They also gain their energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (Marieb & Hoehn, 2008). On the other hand, the smooth muscles relax and contract slowly as compared to the skeletal muscles. It is also observed that the smooth muscles have the ability to change their length without any change in tautness. However, this is not the case in the skeletal muscles. The contraction of a muscle usually takes place in a strategic manner. This is explained in the sliding filament theory. When an electrical impulse moves to the sarcolemma through the motor neurone, the neurotransmitters diffuse across the neuromuscular junction and bind the receptors in the muscle cell membrane. This facilitates depolarization hence; the calcium ions move out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and bond with troponin on the actin filaments. This also facilitates the movement of tropomyosin and the myosin head binds to the actin filament. This facilitates contraction of the muscle. The neuromuscular junction is the region where the axons of motor nerves meet the muscle

CASE STUDY on Hurricane KAtrina and its psychological, physical and

On Hurricane KAtrina and its psychological, physical and socialogical effects - Case Study Example Accordingly, within these three main categories that it previously been discussed, the sociological impacts will be mainly concentric upon the issues of displacement and health concerns that were evidenced during and after the hurricane itself. With regards to the physical impacts that the hurricane had, this level of analysis will be concentric mainly upon the destruction to the natural environment, the impacts of agriculture business that were affected, and the impact of pollution. Finally, with respect to psychological impacts that Hurricane Katrina had, this will be mainly concentric upon the interpretations of worth and race that came to be denoted as a result of the failed FEMA response and overall lackadaisical government engagement with the issue (Letten, 2013). Firstly, with regards to the issue of displacement, it must be noted that up Hurricane Katrina was somewhat unique with regards to the way in which displacement took place. For instance, almost each and every year, te ns of thousands of individuals flee mainland Florida as approaching hurricanes threaten the property and lives of stakeholders within a given region. However, this mass exodus from Florida is somewhat different than what took place within Louisiana and the surrounding regions. Ultimately, Florida is a region that has been populated primarily by wealthy individuals who are either retiring or occupying a secondary property within this region; denoting the fact that extent economic resources exist for these individuals. However, due to the unique nature of the way in which Louisiana and the surrounding regions exhibit economic hardship and disparity as compared to other regions throughout the United States, the availability of transit and the wherewithal to escape from the oncoming hurricane was drastically reduced; as compared to a more wealthy region of the United States. However, this fact notwithstanding, the government commandeered bus service and began running mass transit lines out of Louisiana and almost each and every direction; away from the path of danger. Although at face value, this particular approach seemed to have a relevance and in point in mind, the fact of the matter is that this effectively created a situation through which mass displacement came to be effected to the residents and the society within and around New Orleans. Ultimately, even though many thousands of these individuals were taken from the path of harm and placed elsewhere throughout the region, the ability of these individuals to return and the resources that they had to exist once they had been removed from their homes was not an issue that the government had thoroughly engaged or considered; blending to a sociological disaster that saw many individuals who were previously not homeless displaced throughout the United States and given few if any opportunities to set their lives back on track. Secondary sociological impact that was affected during and after Hurricane Katrina is wi th regards to t

Road Project Management Essay Example for Free

Road Project Management Essay In any project, there should be proper management of the project to be successful. Different projects have different fulfillment conditions, and in our case, it is not spared. Construction of the road requires a great deal of designing and application of various guidelines to make it fulfill the requirements and suite future generations, and their relevant application plus its effects to the social-economic and culture-political nature of situation. Project Management Body of Knowledge, PMBOK, contains a tailored five phases that guide implementation of a project even though these phases sometimes overlap: Initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing processes are the five phases (James 2006, pp. 66 – 70). Initiating process is usually important; this is because the necessary details that are required for successful completion of the project are devised. At this time, features like the Activity Completion Report (ACR), should be considered and developed through out of the project (John 1992, pp. 23 45). The idea of refining and defining the objectives of the project should be analyzed in the planning process. Other conditions such as project plans and sub-plans should be developed and obtaining the required funding should be a forefront issue before the project begins. The longest and most important phase is the executing process. This is when the project plan is implemented; this is through coordinating different human resources and other resources that are required to lead into successful completion of the project plans. Another important phase is controlling the general process. This is ensuring that the project objectives are met; this can be checked by use of measuring and monitoring the project development through regular inspections. This phase overlaps the different phases to enable it in tracking variances and changes that may occur (Subhankar 2003, pp. 56 – 70). The last phase is the closing process phase. This stage ensures that the project is brought into an orderly end. This can be obtained by formalizing, and then communicating the conclusion of the project and passing over the completed project to the accountable sector. Other activities that are common in this part of phase are completion of the Activity Completion Report and since this is a major project, it requires post implementation review. When the project phases are under control, the main issue is how the project will be managed. Various issues are brought into consideration to successfully manage the project. Issues such as contracting, environmental impacts, maintaining the project within the plan and human resource distribution are common. Project contracting is the most important in management since it allows the delivery of the materials, equipments and services to the road region. Contracting is usually affected by the funds that are available and engineering considerations. This may result into poor coordination between the different contractors. This can be prevented when each contract process is well defined in advance. Project safety and environmental considerations should be monitored at each step of the project. Human resource that is within the area including the inhabitants of the area should be ensured that they will be safe throughout the project, and if possible safety measures and parametric should be on stand by. The environment should be preserved and maintained to reduce issues that are related to pollution. This may be due to factors such as disposing of the excess amount of soil that was dug out, oil that the machines use as examples of environmental sensitivity in this case (Subhankar 2003, pp. 56 – 70). Risk is inevitable; it is like a natural thing. The risky areas run from contracting to the process at the scene should be analyzed and techniques such as SWOT, brainstorming should be applied in developing a risk matrix. This when applied will reduce issues such as late delivery by contractors and collision of project interest. Project control process comes into plan when trying to maintain the objective of the project. Issues such as the width of the road, road signs, vertical cross-section and environmental should be maintained within the original plans. All project steps should be maintained into the most original proposal plan. Human management is the tricky part since the required human resource should be at the right place at the right time, and it includes issues like team building and delegation of responsibilities. In addition, issues like how leadership should be accorded e. g. authoritative should be checked. In delegation of duties the use of X – Y theories may be applied so result into satisfaction of the human resource that are involved (James 2006, pp. 66 – 70). Total quality management (TQM) is a strategy that is employed by management in ensuring that the quality is observed. This brings around the issues of the type of materials that are used and the level of human expertise. The material quality should meet the required standards and during the executing of the process the right mixture of various materials should be observed. An example is the mixture between sand and cement, or the types of beams and steel that is used in construction of the required bridges and culverts (Dwigt 1990, pp. 96 100). After the completion of the project, project close out process is brought into light. The key elements that are associated with this stage of development are: Completion of the Post Implementation Evaluation report (PIER) †¢ Completing and archiving the project records. †¢ Disbursing the resources e. g. facilities and staff. †¢ In addition, recognizing outstanding achievements When the project is completed an issue arise, was the project successful and what was used to measure the level of success. Like quality that requires conformance to the requirements or specifications and fitness for use in the project, also, project success usually requires a combination of project management and product success. Three means that are frequently used to show that the project was successful are; cost, schedule and scope objectives. The cost that was required in the completion of the project is within the standards that was set; Budget. This means that the amount of funds that was used did not pass the estimate. Another issue is the schedule – time. The question arises whether the project was completed within the time scale that was proposed. If this was met, then the project is successful in terms of time. Lastly, the issue that relates to the product which in our case the road. A question such as whether the road was able to accommodate the different types of tracks that are supposed to access it and the traffic issue, if all the conditions that were initially set are met then in terms of project scope is successful. In success of any project, various issues are brought into focus. Starting from the project phases to the success of the project should be managed well, and viewed through different angles. Various issues should be brought into focus, which results in meeting the original plans of the project, and at the same time meets the required quality level.

Essay --

Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette, Marquis de La Fayette (French pronunciation: ​[maÊ ki dÉ™ la fajÉ›t]; 6 September 1757 – 20 May 1834), often known simply as Lafayette, was a French aristocrat and military officer born in Chavaniac, in the province of Auvergne in south central France. Lafayette was a general in the American Revolutionary War and a leader of the Garde nationale during the French Revolution. In the American Revolution, Lafayette served as a major-general in the Continental Army under George Washington. Wounded during the Battle of Brandywine, he still managed to organize a successful retreat. He served with distinction in the Battle of Rhode Island. In the middle of the war, he returned to France to negotiate an increase in French support. On his return, he blocked troops led by Cornwallis at Yorktown while the armies of Washington and those sent by King Louis XVI under the command of General de Rochambeau, Admiral de Grasse, and Admiral de Latouche Trà ©ville prepared for battle against the British. Lafayette was the most important link between ...

Many Headed Hydra Summary Essay

Chapter 1 Summary for The Many Headed Hydra The chapter tells the story of the wreckage of the Sea-Venture off Bermuda in 1609. The people of the shipped was welcomed by a land that contains both water and abundant of food. Being that they were suppose to be new reinforcements for the plantation for the Virginia Company, they decided that they will disregard the command from the company and create a settlement of their own because of the riches that Bermuda contains. The chapter then goes on to compare the colonial conditions between the Bermuda and Virginia. Unlike Bermuda, the conditions in Virginia was filled with â€Å"labor and wretchedness† indicating that the people who lived in Virginia faced many hardships. The settlement in Virginia went through a series of unfortunate events for a number of reasons. The main reasons that Virginia went into a time of turmoil was because people either died from sickness, don’t want to work, or commit crimes that include murder or stealing. With these problems at hand, Virginia Company of London were having difficulty establishing authority when it comes to dealing with the people who are living in the Virginia. Due to their inability to do what they were assigned, the officers decided to use military discipline as their way to maintain order. The chapters contains historical references regarding the English historical background when it comes to their colonization and the events that led to the problems that was to come in their way. Such problems includes the Tudor regional rebellions that took place like the Cornish Rising(1497), the Prayer Book Rebellion (1536) or the Felt-Makers’ Riot(1584). Besides the historical references, some pieces of literature have also been noted because of how the events of the Sea-Venture were described in Shakespeare’s book The Tempest. The chapter suggested themes that were shown in the story depict an earliest form of capitalism and colonization as well as the struggle of adjusting to new ways of life.

Vacant Chapter 3 Involved

â€Å"I can't tell you how much I appreciate this, Ethan.† She's wrapped tightly in one of my towels, and I feel a†¦ stirring. I wonder if she understands she's half-naked in front of a stranger. I try not to be obvious in my perusal of her form; her body is small, but her tits are high, round, and a little large for her frame, though no complaints. I briefly wonder what her nipples look like, and lick my lips but catch myself before my ogling turns creepy. â€Å"It's no problem,† I answer hastily, refusing to look further at her. I stop short before making my next statement. No matter how much I tell myself to mind my own business, I can't seem to help dispensing advice. â€Å"You know, you can't live without utilities, Emily.† I wonder where this girl comes from that she thinks living with no water or electricity isn't a problem; my level of concern is now elevated a notch or two. â€Å"I know, but – † she stops herself. â€Å"Yeah, I know.† I have this feeling that there's something off here, and I can't ignore the fact she seems to be without essentials. â€Å"I typically shower in the morning, so if you want to come over at night and shower until you get the utilities turned on, that's cool.† I turn away, wanting to give her privacy to dress because she needs to get dressed; I need her to get dressed. â€Å"So like, what do you do all day?† I can hear the snap of the elastic on her panties against her hip as she finishes putting them on. Shit, these duplex units are too small! Or is my hearing that good? I can't help the thoughts that run through my head. Thinking about her body is a complication I do not need or want. However, chiding myself doesn't stop me from picturing the slight curve of her hips, her shapely thighs, or perfectly muscled backside. â€Å"I go to work,† I snap, feeling guilty. Seconds later, her voice is right behind me. â€Å"Oh yeah? Where do you work?† Her tone is light and her remark impulsive. â€Å"I need to get a job.† I turn so we're face to face and she can see my eyes. Sometimes, emotion seeps out through the eyes. I don't want her to see any vulnerability in mine. Once you're seen as weak, people are quick to take advantage. â€Å"I work down at the grocery store.† She smiles and looks down. She doesn't want me to see her eyes. â€Å"That's really close, so I could walk there. You think they're hiring?† â€Å"Don't know.† I have to keep it uncomplicated. Expanding on my answers will only lead to pulging more than I intend to offer. We stare at each other for a few more seconds before I break the silence. â€Å"Well, I – â€Å" â€Å"Oh gosh, I'm sorry. I've done it again. You must have to get ready for your day. I come barging in here and ruin your routine!† â€Å"It's fine; I just have to take a cold shower before work.† The words are heavy in the air. They aren't meant as they sound as I'm sure she's used all the hot water in the small hot water tank, but after thinking about her showering and changing in my bathroom, perhaps a cold shower for another reason isn't a bad idea. â€Å"Yeah, okay. I'll see you later.† Great†¦ now, she thinks I'm a pervert. I don't see her for two days. . . And for 48 hours, I worry. – Don't get involved. Keep things simple. Take care of yourself! DAMN IT! It's 10 p.m., and I can't stand it anymore. I know something isn't right. No utilities, no furniture, wears the same clothes, and I can hear her. I hear the sobbing every night through the thin-ass sheetrock. â€Å"Emily,† I say in a slightly raised voice. Fucking non-existent walls. â€Å"Yeah?† she sniffles. â€Å"Can I come over?† The pause seems to go on forever before she answers. It's a â€Å"yes† mingled with sobs. Don't get involved. Keep things simple. Take care of yourself! It's too late. . . I sit on the edge of her mattress not knowing what to do. â€Å"Thanks for coming over. Nights†¦they're the hardest.† â€Å"Emily? What's going on? Tell me the truth. I'm not going to rat you out or anything.† I chance a look at her face and the fear is evident. I refuse to focus on her in her thread bare tank and panties. â€Å"You're not renting this place, are you?† I surmise aloud. I think I've known this for some time but just didn't want to admit it. Admitting it makes it real. Making it real means I'm stuck; I can't walk away now, realizing what I know. â€Å"Please! Please don't tell anyone!† She's frantic, on the edge of mania. I scoot closer in hopes of easing her. Not too long after I moved into my first group home, the baseball my father gave me when I was seven, got stolen. It was one of the few personal items I owned. A staff from the group home tried to comfort me when I discovered it was missing by hugging me and patting my hair. I attempt to mimic the same gestures for Emily, because it's the only comfort I know. She clings to me like a lost swimmer gripping a buoy in an endless sea. Finally, she quiets and the knot in my stomach comes back. I know I have to find out what's really going on. I need to press her for more information since it seems I'm intent on helping her. â€Å"Tell me.†

Antigone - Analysis Of Greek Ideals Essays - Antigone, Free Essays

Antigone - Analysis Of Greek Ideals Essays - Antigone, Free Essays Antigone - Analysis of Greek Ideals In Ancient Greece, new ideals surfaced as answers to life's complicated questions. These new beliefs were centered around the expanding field of science. Man was focused on more than the Gods or heavenly concerns. A government that was ruled by the people was suggested as opposed to a monarchy that had existed for many years. Freedom of religion was encouraged to be exercised in city-states. These new ideals, though good in intentions, often conflicted with each other creating complex moral dilemmas. Such was the case in Antigone a play written by Sophocles during this era of change. In the play, Antigone and Creon battle a philosophical war dealing with the controversy of the Greek ideals. They both based their actions on their beliefs of what is right and wrong. The conflict arose when the ideals that backed up their actions clashed with each other, making it contradiction between morals. Antigone's side of the conflict held a much more heavenly approach, as opposed to the mundane road that Creon chose to follow. Antigone feels that Creon is disregarding the laws of heaven through his edict. After she is captured and brought to Creon, she tells him "I do not think your edicts strong enough to overrule the unwritten unalterable laws of God and heaven, you being only a man." Antigone's staunch opinion is one that supports the Gods and the laws of heaven. Her reasoning is set by her belief that if someone is not given a proper burial, that person would not be accepted into heaven. Antigone was a very religious person, and acceptance of her brother by the Gods was very important to her. She felt that "It is against you and me he has made this order. Yes, against me." Creon's order was personal to Antigone. His edict invaded her family life as well as the Gods'. An important ideal in Ancient Greece was the belief that the government was to have no control in matters concerning religious beliefs. In Antigone's eyes, Creon betrayed that ideal by not allowing her to properly bury her brother, Polynices. She believed that the burial was a religious ceremony, and Creon did not have the power to deny Polynices that right. Antigone's strong beliefs eventually led her to her death by the hand of Creon. Never, though, did she stop defending what she thought was right. As Creon ordered her to her death, Antigone exclaimed, "I go, his prisoner, because I honoured those things in which honour truly belongs." She is directly humiliating Creon by calling his opinions and decisions weak and unjust. She also emphasizes "his prisoner," which tells us that Creon's decision to capture Antigone was his own, and was not backed up by the majority of the people. She feels that Creon is abusing his power as king and dealing with her task to a personal level. Creon's actions are guided by the ideal that states "Man is the measure of all things." The chorus emphasizes this point during the play by stating that "There is nothing beyond (man's) power." Creon believes that the good of man comes before the gods. Setting the example using Polynices' body left unburied is a symbol of Creon's belief. "No man who is his country's enemy shall call himself my friend." This quote shows that leaving the body unburied is done to show respect for Thebes. After all, how could the ruler of a city-state honor a man who attempted to invade and conquer his city. From that perspective, Creon's actions are completely just and supported by the ideals. Though most of Creon's reasonings coincide with the Greek ideals, one ideal strongly contradicts his actions. The ideal states that the population would be granted freedom from political oppression and that freedom of religion would be carried out. Creon defied both of these. First, Antigone was "his prisoner", not necessarily the publics. In fact, the general population supported Antigone, though they were too scared to say anything. Haemon, the son of Creon, knew of this, and told Creon, "Has she not rather earned a crown of gold?- Such is the secret talk of the town." This proves that Creon was exercising complete domination

Themis, Dike, Justitia and Lady Justice

Themis, Dike, Justitia and Lady Justice The modern image of justice is based on Greco-Roman mythology, but its not a clear one-to-one correspondence. U.S. courts argue against the placement of any version of the 10 Commandments in courtrooms because it might be a violation of the establishment of a (single) state religion, but the establishment clause is not the only problem with putting up the 10 commandments in federal buildings. There are Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish versions of the 10 Commandments, each substantially different. [See 10 Commandments.] Variability is the same problem that is faced when answering the simple question of which ancient goddess the modern version of Lady Justice represents. Theres also a question of whether or not putting up pagan-based images is a violation of the establishment clause, but thats not an issue for me to unravel. In a forum thread about Themis and Justitia, goddesses of Justice, MISSMACKENZIE asks: I mean which did they intend to portray, a Greek or Roman goddess? And BIBACULUS answers: The modern image of Justice is a conflation of various images and iconography over a period of time: the sword and the blindfold being two of the images that would have been alien to antiquity.Here is some information on the Greek and Roman goddesses and personifications of Justice.ThemisThemis was one of the Titans, the children of Uranos (Sky) and Gaia (Earth). In Homer, Themis appears three times where her role, according to Timothy Gantz in Early Greek Myth, is that of imposing some kind of order or control over gatherings.... Sometimes Themis is called the mother of the Moirai and the Horai (Dike [Justice], Eirene [Peace], and Eunomia [Lawful Government]). Themis was either first or second to deliver oracles at Delphi an office she gave over to Apollo. In this role, Themis prophesied that the son of the nymph Thetis would be greater than its father. Until the prophecy, Zeus and Poseidon had been trying to win Thetis, but afterwards, they left her to Peleus, who became the morta l father of the great Greek hero Achilles.Dike and AstraiaDike was the Greek goddess of justice. She was one of the Horai and the daughter of Themis and Zeus. Dike had a valued place in Greek literature. Passages from (www.theoi.com/Kronos/Dike.html) The Theoi Project describe her physically, holding a staff and balance:If some god had been holding level the balance of Dike (Justice).- Greek Lyric IV Bacchylides Frag 5and[Depicted on the chest of Cypselus at Olympia] A beautiful woman is punishing an ugly one, choking her with one hand and with the other striking her with a staff. It is Dike (Justice) who thus treats Adikia (Injustice).- Pausanias 5.18.2Dike is described as almost indistinguishable from Astraea (Astraia) who is depicted with a torch, wings, and Zeus thunderbolts.JustitiaIustitia or Justitia was the Roman personification of justice. She was a virgin living among humans until the wrong-doings of mortals forced her to take flight and become the constellation Virgo, acc ording to the Adkinses in Dictionary of Roman Religion.On a coin depicting Justitia from A.D. 22-23 (www.cstone.net/~jburns/gasvips.htm), she is a regal woman wearing a diadem. In another (/www.beastcoins.com/Deities/AncientDeities.htm), Justitia carries olive twig, patera, and scepter.Lady JusticeThe U.S. Supreme Court website explains some of the images of Lady Justice that adorn Washington D.C.:Lady Justice is a blend of Themis and Iustitia. The blindfold with which Justice is now associated probably started in the 16th century. In some of the Washington D.C. statues, Justice holds scales, blindfolds, and swords. In one representation she is fighting evil with her gaze, although her sword is still sheathed.Besides all the statues of Lady Justice, Themis, and Justitia in courthouses across the U.S. (and world), the much revered Statue of Liberty bears a close resemblance to the ancient goddesses of justice. Even in antiquity the personification of Justice goddesses changed to fit the times or the needs and beliefs of the writers. Is it possible to do the same with the Ten Commandments? Wouldnt it be possible to distill the essence of each commandment and arrive at an order by consensus of some ecumenical council? Or let the different versions exist side by side just as the statues of Justice do in Washington D.C.?Images of Justice

Calculation of Decreasing Return to Scale Assignment - 16

Calculation of Decreasing Return to Scale - Assignment Example Assume that K=5 and L=4, therefore, F (K, L) =K+L ²=5+ (4) ²=21. Supposing that K is increased by one unit and L is reduced by 1 unit, such that the new K=6 and the new L=3. The new output will be; F (K, L) =K+L ²=6+ (3) ²= 15 units. The rate of growth increases upward starting from point M up to a stable state point b where it remains constant and starts declining slowly towards the Right (Jones, pp.165). c).  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   If A grew at a constant rate, GDP will consequently grow because as one of the input is increased, GDP increases. d). Consumption reduces savings and investment, therefore, if TFP increases economy will grow.     5). a). If investment rates double, GDP per capital would also double because investment has a proportional impact on GDP per capita.   6). a).At steady state, capital stock and depreciation are offset. Dk=0 i = sy = s f (k) Where i=investment, and =depreciation (Jones, pp.175-180) Dk =s* f (k) – dk At steady state=2648billions-8%Ãâ€"2648billion The steady state capital stock for the economy=$2436.16 b). 2648billions-20%Ãâ€"2648billion=$2118.4 c). Dk =s* f (k) – dk   Ã‚  Ã‚