The Universal Freckle, or How I Learned to Be White by Dalton (on Assignment

The Universal Freckle, or How I Learned to Be White by Dalton (on e-Reserve) - Assignment Example Positively, everyone of us appreciates a benefit of one sort or the other in our lives. I, for instance, have benefits over my hirelings, who at that point have numerous benefits over those living beneath in the destitution line. In like manner a lady in an Eastern culture is bound to appreciate benefits over their male partners since their men keep up a more profound adoration for the female class through and through. In this manner truly, I have been watching benefits around me constantly. Truly, ‘White Privilege’ is a term used to recognize the points of interest the white cleaned individuals appreciate over darker one †as such: Racism. All through the article the essayist attempts to fix the bunches that hold prejudice and ethnicity together; something which has been approved by the UN show that â€Å"there is no qualification between the terms racial segregation and ethnic discrimination†. Despite the fact that the present reality is more advanced and insignificant hues don't characterize the benefits we appreciate today, however in any case the idea of bigotry has hugy affected the social structure of our general public. Since each American stands equivalent today †as ensured by the constitution †the ideas of high contrast had been pushed to a corner and we barely discover instances of racial separation today. The most opposing results of racial separation came as the instructors the author had at school. At one school an African American educator dare not go too far and hit a white kid drawing a reasonable outskirt between the blacks and the non-blacks; while at another a Chinese instructor utilizes progressively profitable measures and attempts her best to mix the class into an equivalent power. Racial separation has consistently stayed a warmed discussed and a major issue of our general public. Considering the writer’s involvement in the German lady businessperson, we as a whole ought to rather clear our way towards solidarity and remain as one equivalent power. Divisions and

Nuclear Power in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Atomic Power in the US - Essay Example Atomic force is produced by a chain response of molecule, which is the moment molecule that can't be additionally separated. They are the â€Å"building blocks† of each and every thing that exists from a human to a seat. Iotas are comprised of electrons which have negative charge, circumnavigating cores comprising of protons and neutrons. Protons are decidedly charged while the neutrons are impartial that is they are not charged. There are a few components whose iotas are unsteady molecules. Such unsteady atom’s core will in general break and structure a steady particle. In doing as such, they emanate huge vitality which in the long run delivers heat. Such components having unsteady iotas are called â€Å"radioactive elements†. Prior to shaping a steady molecule, the core hits different iotas after its breakage framing a chain response. This chain response is called â€Å"nuclear fission†. The most usually known among radioactive components is uranium. (Mo rris, 2007) The way toward making atomic force begins with the mining of radioactive components which are then prepared as needs be. The prepared radioactive components are then taken care of to the reactors of atomic force plant, producing a chain response or â€Å"nuclear fission† which in the long run makes heat. This warmth turns the water inside the plant to steam. The steam created through this entire procedure is then used to produce vitality as power or is utilized to control steam turbines. The standard wellsprings of vitality for example petroleum derivatives which are framed from the remaining parts of creatures and plants are coal, oil and gaseous petrol (Benduhn, 2009). The principle explanations behind their inclination is their helpful accessibility and minimal effort. However both these reasons are not any more relevant as being characteristic stores they are not inexhaustible. Consequently, these sources are diminishing step by step and their costs are climbi ng up because of their lack. Likewise, their consuming is the significant reason for contamination in the long run prompting wellbeing and natural risks. It is additionally the principle worry of earthy people the same number of them accept that consuming of these powers is among the numerous elements making a dangerous atmospheric devation. Carbon dioxide is among the primary outflows from these consumed petroleum derivatives which is making an Earth-wide temperature boost as it makes the impact of a nursery, by keeping the warmth caught in this manner upsetting the entire air from land to air and seas. (Hantula et al 2010) Nuclear Power, then again is a solid wellspring of vitality. The fundamental preferred position of atomic force is that it neither discharges gases that make nursery impact nor produces sediment. Accordingly it very well may be considered to some degree eco cordial. What's more, the amount of squanders delivered by atomic force is extremely little and can be arr anged off without any problem. Another reality that makes atomic force progressively viable is that a little amount of a radioactive component is adequate when contrasted with coal that produces same measure of vitality. Despite the fact that it is additionally not an inexhaustible wellspring of vitality, yet the amount required to make vitality is little to the point that its supplies will profit a great many ages. Nations like America and France are profiting by atomic force by creating power through it. Around 435 atomic reactors in pretty much 30 nations of the world were creating 15 percent of the world’s power in the year 2009. (Hantula et al 2010)

So You Wanna Be a Doctor

So You Wanna Be a Doctor Ill give you snippets of three actual conversations first. I. I was chatting with this guy at one of my med school interviews HIM: So where do you go to school? ME: Oh, I go to school in Boston. HIM: Do you go to Harvard? ME: No! HIM: MIT? ME: Yes HIM: Funny how Harvard and MIT kids always tell people that they go to school in Boston.' I never thought about it, but if you must press me for a reason, I do feel like sometimes saying oh, yeah, I go to MIT sounds rather pretentious, so Ive unconsciously continually opted to say Boston, rather than MIT directly. Its almost like that with being Premed at MIT. II. For some reason, people HATE admitting that they are premed at MIT consider the following exchange: HIM: So what course are you? YOU: Uh7. (or 9, or 10B) HIM: What do you want to do after you graduate? YOU: Uhgo to med school. HIM: Oh, youre a premed? YOU: Yeahhhh.. This happens all the time at MIT. III. Additionally, premeds like to say that they are different from all the other premeds. cf. HIM: You know, that 7.20 test was hard! I hope the curve isnt too harsh though, but considering how there are so many premeds in that class YOU: Uh, arent you a premed too? HIM: Yeah, but Im not one of those premeds. Ill admit upfront that Im definitely guilty of both II and III. Part of the reason why Im reluctant to say Im premed sometimes is really because premeds get a bad rep as people with no life and study all day, or simply neurotic overachievers. At the risk of violating III again, I just want to establish some ground rules about the kind of premed that I am, so you know the perspective that Im writing this article from. If you are considering being premed at MIT, you will definitely meet other MIT premeds who will tell you their angle of the story, but heres my honest assessment of being a premed at MIT. I. I didnt come to MIT intending to be premed. My father is an urologist, and when I was growing up, he consistently told me that if you dont enjoy medicine, its not worth your time or energy. I came to MIT wanting to be a chemical engineer. If you ask Matt McGann, he can dig up the essay on my MIT application where I wrote about my fascination with chemistry. To make a long story really short, I became interested in medicine after working with Chinese immigrants my freshman year of college, and since then I have worked with immigrants across three Chinatowns in America (Boston, SF-Oakland, NYC-Queens). I spent my past two summers participating in internships that gave me direct exposure with immigrant patients. This, combined with my disintest in engineering (too much programming and technical aspectsI like studying the philosophy of science, not so much the nitty-gritty of building something), incentivized me to switch from 10 to maybe 20 to finally 7. (in reality I should have been 9 , but thats another long story :p) II. This is how my last cycle turned out, from June 22, 2010 (when I submitted my AMCAS Primary) to right now. The MCAT scores and the GPA are all accurate. (note: we dont get 0.3 or 0.7 for plusses and minuses in GPA grades are assigned strictly by letter grade for the external transcript) CLICK III. Now that youve seen my stats compared against MITs Premed Data stats, we can talk a bit more freely: My MCAT is slightly above the MIT Accepted Mean (36 vs. 35), and my GPA is slightly below the MIT Accepted Mean (3.71 vs. 3.73 adjusted from MITs 5 point scale to 4 pointthe 5 point scale is rather silly because as long as you dont fail any classes, simply -1 from your MIT GPA to find the normal GPA). There is no reference Science GPA (also known as the BCPM GPA, or the average of your GPA in Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Mathematics classes ONLY), but I will venture to say that is the Achilles heel of my application. 3.50 is rather low, and I expect accepted MIT Premeds to have numbers around the 3.6-3.8 range. In terms of my GPA distribution, my science GPA is 3.50, but my non-science GPA is 3.92 (my entire History major is in this category). This probably gives you a sense of my strengths vs. weaknesses ;) I applied to 23 schools, and received 5 acceptances (which is comparable to the average 3.5 acceptances by MIT applicants). I am attending Mount Sinai School of Medicine. IV. In April, I submitted a rebuttal column in response to this column posted in the Tech around CPW, which I consider to be overly optimistic to the point of naivety. I fully stand by what I have written, and some of the arguments I made in the column will be fleshed out a bit more here. I will also point out the parts of the original article that I believe to be correct, and the extent to which they are correct. Premed @ MIT is special because you dont feel like youre directly competing against each other, which reduces a lot of the cutthroat culture seen in premeds elsewhere. Referring again to the MIT Premed Data, only around 3-5% of each graduating class is premed (or at least applies as an undergrad), which means that it eliminates a lot of the direct competition seen at undergrads like Hopkins and Berkeley (where up to 25% of the graduating class can be premed). It helps that MIT is largely comprised of engineers who do not give two hoots about premeds, so it really reduces a lot of the gunner culture that people have come to associate being a premed with. Of course, if you only survey Course 7 and 9 students, then the premed percentage might jump suddenly to 30-50%, but for the most part it still doesnt feel cutthroat largely because MIT is so difficult. At the end of the day, you will feel like you are competing to gain a good understanding of the material so you can get a good grade in the course, not so that you can beat out your classmates for the A. Yes, at the end of the day, the grades for the majority of the premed and biology classes are still assigned via an adjusted curve where only a certain percentage of the class gets As and the other portion of the class gets Bs and Cs, but I have never really felt (except for one class) like my classmates were beating me out of the A range. Coming from a student who had just as many Bs (mainly B+s, since MIT doesnt give extra GPA for +s and -s) as As in science classes, thats saying a lot. This is one of the best things about being a premed at MIT you can really focus on getting a good grasp of the material without being caught in the web of grade-grubbing which is so common among premeds. MIT is THE PLACE if you want to enter into academic medicine (eg. MD-PhD) or you are interested in research in biomedical engineering or biotechnology. I have yet to hear about a school that offers such a comprehensive package of research opportunities to undergraduate students through the UROP program (if you have, please let me know). The opportunities here to do research are simply outstanding, and it is incredible that students with NO benchwork experience can get a fully-funded research job as early as their freshman year (I am a case in point). We have several Nobel Prize laureates that you can work with, and recently I just realized that EVERY ONE of the three science professors who wrote my medical school recommendation letters are National Academy of Science members (not an easy feat). These kinds of opportunities and connections open a lot of doors if you are interested in academic medicine down the road, and if you can manage to squeeze in a publication or two before you graduate, you basically wrote yourself a ticket to one of the best medical schools in the country. Extensive connections with MGH (Mass General Hospital) and the Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology (HST, or one of the best MD-PhD programs around) are available to undergrads conveniently. MIT applicants not applying as research MD candidates, however, have a more difficult time in the application process due to both stereotyping Just everyone who you will meet for the rest of your life, you will get stereotyped when you tell them that you are a MIT student. Medical school admission committee members (adcoms) are no exception. If you are applying from MIT and is not extensively involved in research, you better have something else that is strong to back up your application, because the logical question to ask is why no research from MIT? I am not saying that it is impossible to get into a top med school without research from MIT (I know many that didnt go the research route) but it is most often the logical path for premeds here. If you choose to not follow that path, then you will have to be more of a trailblazer of sorts, because you really have to seek out the thing that interests you. Also, be prepared for that inevitable question from adcoms during the interview trail about research, because the commonly perceived notion is that undergrads go to MIT to do research. and the rigors of MIT coursework. It is no secret that MIT is hard. Often, however, I believe that although the training and the dozens of hours that we spend preparing for a test really stretches or academic capabilities, it is excessive for the purposes of being premed and preparing for the MCAT. As I pointed out in my opinion piece, we have to study so much at MIT just to get a B in our premed classes that we are forced to sacrifice time that could easily be spent in pursuing extracurricular and research activities. This is fine if you are really smart and can get As at MIT without too much work, but for the rest of us, we have to sacrifice a lot of time just to maintain our GPAs at MIT so that we can be successful at jumping through the basic hoops of med school application. The MIT Effect is often overrated. Rachel Bandler points out in her piece that: medical schools will understand that the work at MIT is harder than elsewhere, and so an occasional B is not a nightmare that will end your career. True, but multiple Bs (more Bs and As) will ruin your chances at a top medical school*. There is a MIT Effect in the sense that your interviewer is likely to look at your file and remark, wow, youre from MIT! you must be really smart but that is probably as far as the Effect gets you. You dont get 0.2 magically appended to your GPA in the committee review. * Studying != automatic A at MIT. You might try your hardest and still not end up with the grade that you want. Keeping these points in mind, is it possible to succeed at being premed at MIT without too much stress? Of course HINDSIGHT IS 20/20: PREMED EDITION 1. Figure out where you stand in MIT academically ASAP (the GIRs will give you a good picture). Are you at the top of the class, the middle of the pack, or trailing behind? The earlier you figure this out, the earlier you can figure out the academic path that you should be taking at MIT (how many classes to take, how many activities you can be comfortably involved inetc.) 2. Plan out your academic schedule carefully so you achieve a good balance of all classes as early as your freshman year. Aim to finish your premed science core classes (science GIRs and 5.12, plus 7.03 and 7.05 if you are course 7)   by the end of sophomore year, so you can take the MCAT sophomore summer. 3. Never take a class for granted and always aim for the A. If you cant figure out what you are doing wrong in a course, seek help ASAP from TAs, the prof, or upperclassmen. Dont be afraid to drop and retake. 4. Get into a research lab ASAP (as early as your freshman year), and figure out whether you enjoy research. If you dont, get the lab experience (that will probably be helpful for your lab classes if youre a life sciences major or summer internships) and then use that time to do something else that you are truly passionate about. 5. Seek out meaningful clinical and volunteering activities. Do the things that matter to you, not just things to tick off on your application. Yes, a good GPA and a good MCAT are checkboxes on that list, but use your years at MIT to figure out about what it is about healthcare that interests you. Just like anyone can tell you, you will be asked this question a lot on the interview trail, so the earlier you can figure it out the better! 6. Being a doctor is not a fallback career. I truly believe that MIT students should not be doctors if they dont have an interest in going into medicine there is probably something else that you are better suited (and gifted) to do. It is mildly irritating when people say, oh, I started being premed because I didnt know what else to do. Part of the journey of being a premed is figuring out what exactly it is that interests you about the field of medicine, so dont overlook this important part of being a premed. 7. Relax and dont stress out too much. MIT is a fun place, and dont spend all your time stressing about about MCAT and med school applications. Whatever comes will come. Foresight and planning is good, but obsession (especially about grades) is not. 8. Also, there is no rush to go into med school right after senior year. On the interview trail, many of the most interesting applicants are those that had taken time off to do cool things following graduation before applying for medical school. If you have something else youd rather do, go ahead and do it! One of the applicants I met on my Harvard interview day took five years off to start a NGO in India, and I thought that was really awesome. Good luck! As always, leave any questions you have in the comments about being premed and I will get back to you. :) Post Tagged #Pre-Med

Marxism - 797 Words

Marxism 5.) Discuss the main tenets of Marxism. In what ways was this ideology an extension of the thought of the Enlightenment? In what ways did it deviate from those ideals? Socialism granted a powerful language for the working-class to express their interests. Many workers, who were enfranchised in the latter portion of the century joined political parties espousing this doctrine. Socialism existed before Karl Marx presented himself to the scene. In fact, Marx drew from the theories of the foremost prophets of socialism: Henri de Saint-Simon and Charles Fourier in France, and Robert Owen in Great Britain. However, he gave these theories his own style, and in the end his form became the dominant idea of socialism. Karl Marx,†¦show more content†¦The style it was written in is obscure, difficult to penetrate. But throughout there are certain basic concepts that shine, which were understood and embraced by Marxs followers. As Hegel believed that the goal of human history was the realization of the world spirit; Marx embraced the theory and believed it was the abolition of capitalism, the victory of the proletariat, the disappearance of the state, and the ultimate liberation of all humankind. Marx insisted that material conditions determined the governance of the world. Following Hegel, who said that truth evolves by a dialectic method, Marx called his own philosophy dialectic materialism. He posited a world of change but stated that it was embedded in material conditions, not in a clash of ideas. To Marx, ideas were merely a reflection of the material world. Based on their relationship to factories and machines (the means of production), Marx grouped human beings into classes. Capitalists were one class, because they owned the means of production. Workers were a separate class, the proletariat, because they did not own any of the means of production and their income came only from their own hands. Because these two classes had differing relationships to the means of production, they had antagonistic interests and were destined to engage in class struggle, according to Marx. Unlike his contemporaries, who lamented the increa sing hostility between workersShow MoreRelatedMarxism : Marxism And Marxism1901 Words   |  8 PagesMarxism Final Essay – Marx vs. Marxism Nearly a century and a half has passed since Karl Marx’s death, but his work lives on in stride. Several contemporary 20th and 21st century Marxist scholars have adopted his eerily relevant critiques of capitalism into their own work, but in doing so, have revived unheeded interpretations of Marx’s theory and have uniquely diverged from his original texts in ways that reflect their individual historical, theoretical and political motives. This has resultedRead MoreMarxism : The Theory Of Marxism2245 Words   |  9 PagesKeith Nunez May 5, 2014 ENG 390 Final Marxism The theory of Marxism was founded on the ideas created by Karl Marx, he stated that materialism has become part of our nature and that it has created grounds on how we live in our reality. Marxist criticism argues that literature shows a reflection on reality, specifically how the power of social institutions have affected not only the economic world but the mind and ideals of society. Through literature we can see the mental difference in charactersRead MoreMarxism730 Words   |  3 PagesIshan Soni Mr. Marr English 12 May 25, 2015 Marxism are set of views acknowledged by many individuals and a lot of views presented in works of other authors are often compared to the ideas that of Karl Marx. Here, the idea presented by George Bernard Shaw in his play is compared to Marx’s ideas on Marxism and social hierarchy relationship. There exists a relationship between the viewpoints of Karl Marx and George Bernard Shaw in the play PygmalionRead MoreMarxism : Marxism, Feminism And Functionalism2039 Words   |  9 Pagespaid for work there is also work that is unpaid this includes housework, being a stay at home mum or volunteer work. In relation to work we can look at three theories :- Marxism, Feminism and Functionalism. Each considered the analysis of modern day work to be extremely important when looking at sociology and socialism. Marxism derived from the sociologist Karl Marx’s theories about sociology, politics and economics. Marx looked at the capitalist society that was around him at the time and sawRead MoreMarxism And Communism753 Words   |  4 PagesMarch 1883), who is also known as the father of communism. The main theory of communism, created by Karl Marx, is the theory that was and is utilized by many countries. This theory is called Marxism. 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Thirty years after Marx’s death, the people of Russia over threw their leaders and founded a Communist government based on Marxist ideologies. This government was initially lead by Vladimir Lenin who took direct inspiration from Marx. After Lenin diedRead MoreJurisprudence: Marxism3961 Words   |  16 Pagesscientific socialist thinker. His socialism was based upon an understanding of the ‘real’ material economic facts. The socialist thinkers who preceded Marx have been designated as ‘Utopians’. There were a number of socialist thinkers before Marx. Although Marxism cannot be reduced to a mere compilation or synthesis of Utopian ideas, there is little doubt that they played an important part in the formation of Marxâ₠¬â„¢s system. There were important differences between the scientific socialism of Marx and that ofRead MoreA Marxism Economy527 Words   |  2 PagesMarxism is a system of economy, social, and political philosophy based on ideas that view social change in terms of economic factors. Marx gave us a theory of society, for example an explanation of how our society works, of how and why history has unfolded, and particularly the account of the nature of capitalism. But Marx also regarded capitalism as extremely unsatisfactory and he was very concerned with getting rid of it by having a violent revolution and the establishment of a communist society

Organized Crime and Youth Gangs - 824 Words

Organized Crime and Youth Gangs The FBI defines organized crime as any group of individuals jointly and systematically engaged in criminal activity for the purpose of making money (FBI, n.d.a). The FBI also provides links to various organized criminal groups on their website, with most being defined by race or ethnicity. The most famous of these groups in the United States is the Italian Mafia or La Cosa Nostra, which is translated as this thing of ours (FBI, n.d.b). The FBI identifies four distinct Italian mafia groups, the La Cosa Nostra (Sicilian Mafia), Camorra (Neapolitan Mafia), Calabrian (Calabria Mafia), and the Sacra Corona Unita (United Sacred Crown based in the Puglia region) (FBI, n.d.b). Of these, the American La Cosa Nostra has been the most successful organized crime group in the U.S. and over the decades has severed controlling ties with Sicily. The American La Cosa Nostra is involved primarily in drug trafficking, money laundering, and various other racketeering crimes, and operates on an international level across North and South America. The Italian Mafia was formed and molded into its current form over the past 3,000 years in response to recurrent invasions by marauding armies (FBI, n.d.b). The formation of these tight knit extended family groups helped ensure their survival and established social rules that endured through the millennia. Today, there are approximately 25,000 members worldwide, with 3,000 living in the U.S. In contrast to theShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of Gang Research1637 Words   |  7 Pagesterm â€Å"gang† was associated with groups in socially disorganized and deteriorated inner-city neighborhoods: It was applied to juveniles who engaged in a variety of delinquencies, ranging from truancy, street brawls, and beer running to race riots, robberies, and other serious crimes (Regoli, Hewitt, DeLisi, 2011). 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These types of programs heavily involve participating mem bers of the community along with the police to achieve community and police oriented goals to improve the quality of life for all members of the community. The Bureau of Justice Assistance states community crime prevention programs are based several factors such as program focus, program rationale, community race,Read MoreThe American Of American History Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the course of American history, the usage of gangs has always been embedded in the striving desire to be rebel, such as defeating the overhanging stature of the British empire. However as the 13 colonies formed a colonial gang in an effort to eliminate British influence in America, the definition of the word gang has transformed into an entirely different meaning. 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Managerial Economics and Business Strategy Free Essays

string(74) " unlikely to accept its narrow definition of the relevant market ____ 33\." Dr. David J. St. We will write a custom essay sample on Managerial Economics and Business Strategy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Clair Managerial Economics and Business Strategy 3551 #6 Answers – Summer 2012 1. What type of evidence did Dupont introduce in its plastic wrap trial that proved decisive in its acquittal? __ It brought in cross elasticities to show that there were many substitutes for plastic wrap. It then argued that the market had to be defined to include all substitutes. This broadened the definition of the market to the point where DuPont’s market share was small. ___ 2. What had Alcoa done that made the judge find it guilty of being a monopoly? It had a market share above 90%_. Did the judge rule that Alcoa was a â€Å"dirty† firm? _ No ___ 3. Why did the verdict in the U. S. Steel antitrust case confuse everyone? __ U. S. Steel was ruled to be â€Å"reasonable† under the courts â€Å"Rule of Reason† doctrine. This was confusing because the company had a notorious reputation for price fixing and uncompetitive practices __ 4. Bill Gates took a very aggressive approach to dealing with the Justice Department in the Microsoft case even though Microsoft had an â€Å"Alcoa Problem. † What was Microsoft’s â€Å"Alcoa Problem? ___ Microsoft had a large market share approaching the 90% threshold established in the Alcoa case ___ 5. When something is illegal â€Å"per se,† what does this mean? __ The government only has to prove that you did it; motive or intent does not matter ___ 6. What was the remedy in the Standard oil and American Tobacco cases? __ divestiture (i. e. , the companies were broken up) ____ 7. What, according to Andrew Carnegie, was destructive competition? ___ excessive and ruthless competition among big firms that eliminated profits but not competitors __ 8. When we were discussing oligopoly, we referred to the two faces of oligopoly. Which face of oligopoly was Carnegie referring to in his discussion of ‘destructive competition? ’ the non-cooperative, extremely competitive rivalry _ 9. What does the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act require? ___ pre-merger notification and approval by the Justice Department and the FTC ____ 10. What is a tying contract (or agreement)? __ a firm refuses to seel product that you want unless you also buy one of the firm’s other products ___ 11. The Sherman Act was short and sweet. It outlawed two things. Identify both: a. ___being a monopoly ______________________ b. ___trying to become a monopoly __________________________ 2. Which antitrust act made vertical market foreclosure a violation of antitrust laws? __ the Celler-Kefauver Act __ 13. What was the reason why the European Union blocked the merger of GE and Honeywell? __ It violated the EU’s â€Å"portfolio power† doctrine __ 14. What is a â€Å"soft loan? † ___a government loan that is never going to be paid back; a disguised subsidy __. Why have many American economists likened â€Å"portfolio power† to a soft loan? ___They argue that portfolio power is a disguised protectionist policy masquerading as an antitrust policy___ 15. What was IBM’s defense in its mainframe computer antitrust case? _ It challenged the government’s narrow â€Å"large main-frame computer† definition of the relevant market ___ 16. What was DuPont convicted of in the GM case (be specific). ______ vertical market foreclosure ____ 17. What precedent did the Pabst Brewing case set? __if the market is a local, then the relevant market must be local ____ 18. What precedent did the Staples/Office Depot case set? ___the Justice Department or the FTC can disallow a merger based on the anticipated price and competitive consequences ________________ 19. What happened to U. S. antitrust policy following the E. C. Knight case? __ as a consequence of the E. C. Knight case, antitrust laws did not apply to manufacturing and there was a wave of mergers in the manufacturing sector __ 20. In the 1890s, German courts were taking a very different approach to cartels and antitrust. What did the German court rule in the pulp cartel case? __ cartel agreements were legally enforceable contracts; cartels were legal and socially beneficial ___ 21. What was Brown Shoe accused of in the Kinney Shoe antitrust case? ____ vertical market foreclosure _____ 22. What was the remedy in the Brown Shoe/Kinney Shoe Case? ____ The merger was disallowed and the two firms were separated _______ 3. What does the firm have to do in a consent decree? _ stop the offending practices without admitting guilty _. What does the Justice Department agree to do in return? ___ drops the case _ 24. Why do most firms prefer a consent decree to a trial, even when they feel that they are innocent? __ the case is quickly resolved and there is no conviction that can be used to expos e the firm to civil suits seeking triple damages __ 25. Are interlocking directorates illegal per se? Yes. Is price fixing illegal per se? Yes 26. Are tying contracts illegal per se? Yes Is price discrimination illegal per se? _ No 7. How can the Justice Department and the FCC respond to a notification of merger filed under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Act? (Hint: they have three options. ) __1) approve; 2) deny; or 3) approve with conditions __ 28. English Common law became the basis for American Common Law. What dos the Common Law say about damages for parties injured by restraint of trade? ___ injured parties are can collect triple damages ____ 29. Which type of elasticity is often important in antitrust cases? _ cross elasticity __ 30. Why did the Justice Department allege that Microsoft was using a tying agreement or contract? ___The Justice Department alleged that Microsoft was tying the MS-DOS operating system to the purchase of its browser ___ 31. Bill Gates was rather arrogant and combative in dealing with the Justice Department in the Microsoft case. He seemed unaware of Microsoft’s â€Å"Alcoa problem. † What was Microsoft’s â€Å"Alcoa problem? † _________This is a duplicate question – see above____________ 32. How did IBM’s mainframe computer antitrust suit end? ___ the Justice Department dropped the case because the court was unlikely to accept its narrow definition of the relevant market ____ 33. You read "Managerial Economics and Business Strategy" in category "Essay examples" Why was Microsoft accused of â€Å"vertical market foreclosure? † ___ Microsoft was accused of using its operation system monopoly (MS-DOS) to foreclose browser maker from the market ___ 34. Why was Nabisco giving up on its strategy of seeking to create a cracker of biscuit monopoly? __It was unable to eliminate competition, especially the competition of capitals __ 35. Why was Nabisco so open in its 1901 annual report about discussing its efforts to monopolize the cracker (biscuit) industry? __Because of the E. C. Knight Case, there were no antitrust laws in 1901 that pertained to manufacturing firms _ 6. In its 1901 annual report, Nabisco announced that it was giving up on its efforts at creating a cracker or biscuit monopoly. What was the company’s new strategy going to be? ____Nabisco was going to concentrate on making better products and creating a more efficient and competitive firm ___ 37. What did Liggett accuse Brown Williamson Tobacco of doing in its law suit ? (don’t simply say â€Å"of being a monopoly† or â€Å"violating antitrust laws†) ___Liggett accused Brown Williamson of engaging in predatory pricing by selling it cigatettes at below Brown Williams’ AVC______ 8. Under the Areeda-Turner test, predatory pricing is defined as a firm selling its product at a price ____below its average variable cost_____ 39. Was the Areeda-Turner test upheld (validated or confirmed) by the court in the Liggett vs. Brown Williamson’s case? ___No, the Areeda-Turner test was replaced by the â€Å"recoupment test† ___ 40. What must a plaintiff (the one who files the law suit) do (show) in order to keep a predatory pricing law suit from being dismissed (thrown out even before it goes to trial) under the â€Å"recoupment test? ____The plaintiff must show that the defendant did have a reasonable chance of raising prices in the future to make up for, (that is, to recoup) its short term losses due to the low price s ___ 41. Does the recoupment test introduced in the Liggett vs. Brown Williamson case make predatory pricing law suits more likely, less likely, or equally likely compared to the old Areeda-Turner test? ____less likely _____ 42. The courts have held that predatory pricing cases require a showing that a firm has reduced price below its costs. What is the relevant cost for this criterion? ________average Variable cost (AVC) _________ 3. Many economists have used the concept of â€Å"barriers to entry† in their criticism of predatory pricing antitrust laws. Explain their criticism. __Predatory pricing only makes sense if the firm can raise prices after using it to attain a monopoly and if it has barriers to entry that can keep new competitors out. However, if it had such barriers in the first place, it would probably not need predatory pricing. Predatory pricing does not give the firm the required barriers to entry, unless one envisions constant predatory pricing. But constant predatory pricing is nothing more than price competition. ___ 44. During the 1930s, large American cigarette companies faced competition from small cigarette companies offering new brands at 10 cents per pack. How did they meet and deal with this competition? __They resorted to predatory pricing, i. e. , they dramatically reduced their prices (in some case to below costs) in order to drive the new competitors out of the market ___ 45. Did the response of the â€Å"Big Four† tobacco companies to the challenge from the new 10-cent brands competitors in the early 1930s work? Why or why not? _the Four Majors were unable to drive out two competitors created by the 10-cent brand episode. They had a 91 percent market share before the episode and only a 69 percent market share after. Two formidable competitors emerged and the Big Four became the Big Six__ 46. What was the verdict in the 10-cent brands cigarette case? _____the major cigarette companies were found guilty of violating the antitrust laws______ 47. Was predatory pricing the government’s primary allegation against the majors in the 10-cent brands cigarette price wars? If not, what was the primary complaint? _the court focused primarily on the collusion among the majors to fix prices__ 48. What was the court’s remedy in the 10-cent brands cigarette case? ___the court fined the guilty parties and restricted their ability to communicate and work together ____ 49. Why do most economists argue that antitrust laws prohibiting predatory pricing are actually anti-competitive? ____ Most economists argue that antitrust laws prohibiting predatory pricing are actually anti-competitive because any firm that lowers it’s prices to compete against it’s market competitors are susceptible to being charged with predatory pricing, even when no such intent probably exists. Furthermore, filing an antitrust lawsuit related to predatory pricing is often abused and a convenient way for businesses to compete with their competitors without matching their competitors price cutting especially since antitrust laws concerning predatory pricing are sometimes difficult to distinguish from predatory pricing, market competition, and competitive business practices. __ 50. Suppose there are five (5) firms in an industry with the following market shares: 15%, 20%, 2%. 45%, and 18%. What is the Herfindahl Index for this industry? _______2,978_______. According to the 1992 Horizontal Merger Guidelines, how would this industry be classified? ___It would be classified as a ‘highly concentrated’ market. _____ 51. Ceteris paribus, would a merger that raised the Herfindahl index from 1900 to 1941 be likely to trigger interest by antitrust regulators? Why or why not? ____No, because while this market would be classified as ‘highly concentrated,’ the m erger does not raise the HHI by more than 50 points and will therefore not trigger the interest of regulators. ___ 52. Ceteris paribus, would a merger that raised the Herfindahl index from 750 to 985 be likely to trigger interest by antitrust regulators? Why or why not? ___No, because a market with a Herfindahl Index below 1,000 is considered to be ‘unconcentrated’ and mergers in unconcentrated markets are unlikely to be challenged by regulators. _____ 53. Tying contracts are illegal per se under American antitrust laws. However, enforcing their illegal per se status has proven to be very difficult. What is the problem here? ___While tying contracts are illegal per se under antitrust law, there seems to be no way of getting around some tying during the course of routine business, e. g. , left shoes tied to right shoes, etc. This therefore introduces the element of intent and competitive consequences; two features that are not supposed to figure into illegal per se allegations. Currently, this problem is most pronounced in the practice of ‘bundling’ in high tech markets. ____ 54. In the YouTube video on Monopoly, what did Milton Friedman think was the primary cause of longer-lasting monopolies? ____government market restrictions ___________ 55. In the YouTube video on Monopoly, what did Milton Friedman think was the very best policy for dealing with monopolies and market power? ____free trade or measures to make trade more free and open _______ 56. In the YouTube video on Monopoly, Milton Friedman never mentioned or discussed Smith’s Formula. However, based on his comments, what do think his position would have been on our 200-year old question? __Friedman would definitely argue that markets had, if government leaves them alone, sufficient competition to make Smith’s Formula society’s primary line of defense against monopoly abuse. __ 57. What happened when Coca-Cola tried to introduce its new soft drink Peppo in the late 1960s? ____Dr Pepper sued for trademark infringement and Coka Cola had to change the name of the product to ‘Mr Pibb’. _____ 58. How did the FTC end up defining the relevant market in Coca Cola’s proposed acquisition of Dr Pepper? _The FTC took a very narrow view and defined the relevant market as the ‘pepper-flavored soft drink market’ __. How did the FTC rule on the proposed acquisition? __The FTC denied the request for merger approval. __ 59. Both the FTC and Coca Cola introduced Herfindahl Indexes in support of their positions in the proposed acquisition of Dr Pepper. What was the critical point on which the proposed merger was decided? ____The definition or scope of the relevant market ____ How to cite Managerial Economics and Business Strategy, Essay examples

The Human Story free essay sample

Michael (Gates) Sweeney 5th hour Sophomore Academy English 2 The Human Story by James C. Davis Harper Perennial, 2004 Non-fiction In The Human Story, James C. Davis explains how humankind came to be. How we developed civilizations, cities, empires, religions, and many other pieces of our everyday lives. He wrote about how our society has developed from going to war when you were 1 5 years old, and dying for your side. Although the book skips around, he covers topics from homo erectus to George W. Bush. In the first few pages Davis discusses scientific terms such as Homo erectus and Homo sapiens, the first of the human species. Homo erectus went extinct 300,000 years ago, then Homo sapiens, the first humans, developed and were called Wise Men. The reason for this name was because of larger brains and higher skulls. Although they obtained larger brains, language development was not likely. Davis says that anthropologists . change their minds every time they find agents skull. We will write a custom essay sample on The Human Story or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This must be why I have never heard a solid answer concerning this subject. Davis also says that Homo sapiens had the gift of fire. They had clever hands, he says. They can they could light a fire by striking sparks and lumps of iron ore. Im sure that the gift of fire helped them to later on to cook their food. This must have saved many lives from diseases from raw meat and uncooked foods. In summary Davis discusses the early resources that Homo sapiens had in their daily lives such as fire, tools, communication, etc. Later on in Chapter 6, Davis advances to the worlds empires. Davis writes about Rome, Persia, and the Mongol Empire, all located in the European and Asian countries we know today. Persia, located in what we know today as India, was ruled by Cyrus II. Cyrus claimed that he was the king of the world. In 264 BC Rome went to war against the Carthaginians. The Carthaginians were very skilled in the naval field. But Rome adjusted and beat them. I would like to know what grappling irons are. David said that they were used by the Romans to latch onto the Carthaginians ships. Eventually Rome fell apart. The only sign of it today is their technology and the city, Rome, Italy. In chapter 10 Davis writes about the American Indian empires. The main two empires consisted of the Mayans and the Aztecs. The Mayan empire first began in villages, but then their population climbed and climbed and the villages became cities. Each of which were built around squares with palaces and temples. The Mayans were known to be the most accomplished peoples of the ancient world. For the text they began their empire illegally. They would settle on private land near lakes rivers fertile land until the rightful owners drove them out. They continued their method of trespassing until they finally came across two vacant islands on Lake Texcoco. So now, surrounded by water, the Aztecs settled in a secure location with food, water, and fertile land for growing crops. They used long bridges to reach the mainland where they would hunt and establish small shacks for security. Although the Mayans were known to be more powerful, I believe the Aztecs had Just the same the awful years of the world wars. Most people believe that the war would also be the last. They called it the war to end war. Unfortunately though, the second world war appeared in the 1930s, when the United States and its allies finally shut down Hitler and all of Germanys cruelty. Japan had developed an ally which helped him with supplies and many necessities for war. This ally was China. China today is a communist country, only allowing certain imports and exports. The United States has grown to hate China because of their terrible products that they produce, but our government hates them for their communism. Japan make the first right of World War II at Pearl Harbor. They pulled the trigger for one of the biggest wars of all time. Meanwhile Hitler wanted Austria very badly. David says the main reason was because he was born there, and he believed Germany deserved it. One thing I noticed was Davis didnt really get into Hitlers cruelty towards other religions or races, and I wonder why. All in all, The Human Story was an insightful book to read. Although I knew many of the events and eras, it was a helpful refresher for me and should help me out throughout this year.